![]() Also, a nonattachment disorder may develop because the baby never had the opportunity to develop at least one attachment with a reliable caregiver who was continuously present in the baby’s life. ![]() It is a disorder of nonattachment and is related to the loss of the primary attachment figure and the lack of opportunity for the infant to establish a new attachment with a primary caregiver. In inhibited RAD, the child does not initiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate manner. This is thought to contribute to a negative working model of relationships that leads to insecurity for the rest of the child’s life. The child then uses psychological defenses (e.g., avoidance or ambivalence) to avoid disappointments with the caregiver. ![]() One result is insecure attachment, or a less than optimal internal sense of confidence and trust in others, beginning with caregivers. If caregivers are not reliably or consistently present or if they respond in an unpredictable and uncertain way, babies are not able to establish a pattern of confident expectation. responds to caregivers with approach, avoidance, and resistance to comforting, or frozen watchfulness) Inhibited Type: persistent failure to initiate or respond in a developmentally appropriate fashion to most social interactions, as manifest by excessively inhibited, hyper vigilant, or highly ambivalent and contradictory responses (e.g. The DSM-IV (1994) defines Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) as markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness in most contexts, beginning before age five, as evidenced by either:ġ. Experts in RAD estimate that this disorder has been misdiagnosed as Bi-Polar Disorder or Attention Deficit Disorder in 40 to 70 percent of the cases. Expertise is lacking and normal behavior interventions can very easily add to the symptoms if following instinctive patterns. Therefore, strangers, helpful neighbors, even therapists, often see the parents as the problem and believe the winsome child is ‘beautiful’.” (Foster Cline, 1979)Īs a relatively new diagnosis to the DSM-IV manual, Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), also known as Attachment Disorder (AD) is often misunderstood, and relatively unknown. or promising, creative, and intelligent, as may suit their needs at the time. INTRODUCTION “Unattached children…have an uncanny ability to appear attractive, bright, loving.
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